40 Cities That Had Different Names in Medieval Times - Medievalists.net https://share.google/Lk908WaCSFsRDLBon
https://www.medievalists.net/2025/08/cities-different-names-medieval/ is a better link.
A lot of these seem to be adoption of a existing alternative name in a different language as speakers of that language became politically dominant. Others just a shift of English names for places. I don't think the Italians ever called Livorno Leghorn, for example, or Germans Köln Cologne.
Quote from: Erpingham on Aug 30, 2025, 12:11 PMor Germans Köln Cologne.
Well, I believe that Köln is a corrupted version of the Latin "Colonia" so perhaps the English is, for once, a little closer to the original.